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Metamate minneapolis3/29/2023 ![]() Additional levels of hierarchy beyond a second order did not increase the strength or stiffness, which suggests the existence of an optimal degree of hierarchy to amplify resilience. In situ nanomechanical experiments revealed ( i) a nearly theoretical scaling of structural strength and stiffness with relative density, which outperforms existing nonhierarchical nanolattices ( ii) recoverability, with hollow alumina samples recovering up to 98% of their original height after compression to ≥50% strain ( iii) suppression of brittle failure and structural instabilities in hollow ceramic hierarchical nanolattices and ( iv) a range of deformation mechanisms that can be tuned by changing the slenderness ratios of the beams. ![]() We apply the principles of hierarchical design to create structural metamaterials from three material systems: ( i) polymer, ( ii) hollow ceramic, and ( iii) ceramic–polymer composites that are patterned into self-similar unit cells in a fractal-like geometry. It has been hypothesized that their mechanical robustness and damage tolerance stem from sophisticated ordering within the constituents, but the specific role of hierarchy remains to be fully described and understood. Hierarchically designed structures with architectural features that span across multiple length scales are found in numerous hard biomaterials, like bone, wood, and glass sponge skeletons, as well as manmade structures, like the Eiffel Tower. ![]()
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